Cerumen, more commonly known as earwax, is a protective oily substance in the ear produced by glands in the ear canal. Earwax exists to protect the ear against dirt, debris and infection and should naturally expel itself. Sometimes circumstances may prevent this natural process from working as efficiently as it should, leading to a buildup.
Is There an Excess of Earwax?
Typically, earwax gradually accumulates, dries out and then exits the ear, carrying with it any dust or particles. Nevertheless, there are instances where an overproduction of earwax can occur, leading to an excess amount in the ear. This buildup may cause a blockage, known as cerumen impaction, which can affect your hearing abilities. Factors contributing to an excess of earwax include:
- The unique structure of an individual’s ear canal
- The aging process
- Complications from hearing aids or earplugs that press the wax further in
- Inappropriate ear-cleaning techniques, such as the use of cotton swabs that push the wax deeper
- Skin conditions like eczema
- Elevated stress levels
Some people are predisposed to have an excess of earwax, which could cause recurrent blockages.
Signs and Management
When earwax accumulates, it can bring about several symptoms. One symptom is diminished hearing, which happens when the ear canal is blocked, obstructing sound waves from reaching the inner ear. Other symptoms can include:
- Pain in the ear
- A feeling of fullness in the ear
- Ringing in the ear (tinnitus)
- Vertigo
- Coughing
- Itching within the ear
- Unpleasant smell or discharge
While these indicators might suggest earwax buildup, they could also point to other medical conditions. It’s important to contact your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms.
Earwax buildup is not usually serious and earwax removal is one of the most common procedures performed at an ENT. Seeing a doctor for removal is one of the safest ways to remove earwax. A doctor may utilize various techniques, such as a curette (a specialized curved tool), vacuuming or ear irrigation with a mix of warm water and saline or a diluted hydrogen peroxide solution. They might also prescribe ear drops to soften the wax, which should be used with care to prevent irritation of the ear canal’s delicate skin.
For self-care, it is recommended to avoid inserting objects into the ear canal and to consult a professional for advice on safely managing wax accumulation, which may include using earwax-softening products for those prone to blockages.
Preventative measures against earwax blockage and potential hearing loss may involve routine examinations with an ENT specialist. To obtain expert care for your ear, nose or throat, reach out to Heuser Hearing Institute to schedule an appointment.